图形神经网络（GNN）在许多领域中显示出优异的应用，其中数据基本上表示为图（例如，化学，生物学，推荐系统）。在该静脉中，通信网络包括许多以图形结构方式（例如，拓扑，配置，交通流量）自然表示的许多基本组件。该职位文章将GNNS作为用于建模，控制和管理通信网络的基本工具。 GNN表示新一代的数据驱动模型，可以准确地学习和再现真实网络后面的复杂行为。因此，这种模型可以应用于各种网络用例，例如规划，在线优化或故障排除。 GNN在传统的神经网络上的主要优点在于在培训期间应用于其他网络和配置时的前所未有的泛化能力，这是实现用于网络实际数据驱动解决方案的关键特征。本文包括关于GNN的简要教程及其对通信网络的可能应用。为了展示这项技术的潜力，我们展示了两种用例，分别应用于有线和无线网络的最先进的GNN模型。最后，我们深入研究了这一小说研究区的关键开放挑战和机会。

Current language models are considered to have sub-human capabilities at natural language tasks like question-answering or writing code. However, language models are not trained to perform well at these tasks, they are trained to accurately predict the next token given previous tokes in tokenized text. It is not clear whether language models are better or worse than humans at next token prediction. To try to answer this question, we performed two distinct experiments to directly compare humans and language models on this front: one measuring top-1 accuracy and the other measuring perplexity. In both experiments, we find humans to be consistently \emph{worse} than even relatively small language models like GPT3-Ada at next-token prediction.

The estimation of the generalization error of classifiers often relies on a validation set. Such a set is hardly available in few-shot learning scenarios, a highly disregarded shortcoming in the field. In these scenarios, it is common to rely on features extracted from pre-trained neural networks combined with distance-based classifiers such as nearest class mean. In this work, we introduce a Gaussian model of the feature distribution. By estimating the parameters of this model, we are able to predict the generalization error on new classification tasks with few samples. We observe that accurate distance estimates between class-conditional densities are the key to accurate estimates of the generalization performance. Therefore, we propose an unbiased estimator for these distances and integrate it in our numerical analysis. We show that our approach outperforms alternatives such as the leave-one-out cross-validation strategy in few-shot settings.

The use of needles to access sites within organs is fundamental to many interventional medical procedures both for diagnosis and treatment. Safe and accurate navigation of a needle through living tissue to an intra-tissue target is currently often challenging or infeasible due to the presence of anatomical obstacles in the tissue, high levels of uncertainty, and natural tissue motion (e.g., due to breathing). Medical robots capable of automating needle-based procedures in vivo have the potential to overcome these challenges and enable an enhanced level of patient care and safety. In this paper, we show the first medical robot that autonomously navigates a needle inside living tissue around anatomical obstacles to an intra-tissue target. Our system leverages an aiming device and a laser-patterned highly flexible steerable needle, a type of needle capable of maneuvering along curvilinear trajectories to avoid obstacles. The autonomous robot accounts for anatomical obstacles and uncertainty in living tissue/needle interaction with replanning and control and accounts for respiratory motion by defining safe insertion time windows during the breathing cycle. We apply the system to lung biopsy, which is critical in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We demonstrate successful performance of our system in multiple in vivo porcine studies and also demonstrate that our approach leveraging autonomous needle steering outperforms a standard manual clinical technique for lung nodule access.

To apply federated learning to drug discovery we developed a novel platform in the context of European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project MELLODDY (grant n{\deg}831472), which was comprised of 10 pharmaceutical companies, academic research labs, large industrial companies and startups. The MELLODDY platform was the first industry-scale platform to enable the creation of a global federated model for drug discovery without sharing the confidential data sets of the individual partners. The federated model was trained on the platform by aggregating the gradients of all contributing partners in a cryptographic, secure way following each training iteration. The platform was deployed on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) multi-account architecture running Kubernetes clusters in private subnets. Organisationally, the roles of the different partners were codified as different rights and permissions on the platform and administrated in a decentralized way. The MELLODDY platform generated new scientific discoveries which are described in a companion paper.

Dysgraphia, a handwriting learning disability, has a serious negative impact on children's academic results, daily life and overall wellbeing. Early detection of dysgraphia allows for an early start of a targeted intervention. Several studies have investigated dysgraphia detection by machine learning algorithms using a digital tablet. However, these studies deployed classical machine learning algorithms with manual feature extraction and selection as well as binary classification: either dysgraphia or no dysgraphia. In this work, we investigated fine grading of handwriting capabilities by predicting SEMS score (between 0 and 12) with deep learning. Our approach provide accuracy more than 99% and root mean square error lower than one, with automatic instead of manual feature extraction and selection. Furthermore, we used smart pen called SensoGrip, a pen equipped with sensors to capture handwriting dynamics, instead of a tablet, enabling writing evaluation in more realistic scenarios.

语音活动检测（VAD）旨在检测音频信号上的语音段，这对于许多今天的基于语音的应用程序来说是必要的第一步。当前的最新方法着重于训练直接包含声学中包含的神经网络，例如MEL Filter Basks（MFBS）。因此，此类方法需要一个额外的归一化步骤，以适应影响声学的新领域，这可能仅仅是由于说话者，麦克风或环境的变化所致。此外，这个归一化步骤通常是一种具有一定局限性的基本方法，例如高度容易受到新域可用的数据量。在这里，我们利用了众包共同的声音（CV）语料库，以表明基于自我监督学习（SSL）的表示形式可以很好地适应不同的领域，因为它们是通过跨多个领域的语音表达来计算的。 SSL表示也比基于手工制作的表示（MFB）和现成的VAD的系统获得更好的结果，并在跨域设置方面有了显着改善。

大多数自动情绪识别系统利用情绪的时间连续注释，以提供对自发表达的细粒度描述，如现实生活中所观察到的那样。由于情感是相当主观的，因此通常由几个注释者执行的注释，这些注释为给定维度提供痕迹，即描述诸如唤醒或价值之类的维度的时间连续系列。但是，相同表达式的注释在时间或价值之间很少一致，这增加了用于学习情感预测模型的迹线的偏见和延迟。因此，我们提出了一种可以动态补偿注释之间的矛盾的方法，并使用复发性神经网络将痕迹与相应的声学特征同步。进行了几个情绪数据集进行实验评估，其中包括中文，法语，德语和匈牙利参与者，他们在无噪声条件或野外进行远程互动。结果表明，对于唤醒和价值，我们的方法可以显着增加通道间的一致性以及迹线和音频特征之间的相关性。此外，在使用简单的轻量重量模型对这些维度的自动预测中获得了改进，尤其是在无噪声条件下的价值中，并唤醒了在野外捕获的记录。

一致性检查是一种过程挖掘技术，允许验证过程实例与给定模型的符合性。因此，该技术被预定在医学环境中用于将治疗案例与临床准则进行比较。但是，医学过程是高度可变，高度动态和复杂的。这使得难以在医疗领域中使用命令性一致性检查方法。研究表明，声明性方法可以更好地解决这些特征。但是，这些方法尚未获得实际接受。另一个挑战是对齐，通常不会从医学角度增加任何价值。因此，我们在案例研究中调查了HL7标准Arden语法对于宣言性，基于规则的符合度检查和使用手动建模的对齐方式的可用性。使用该方法，可以检查治疗案例的一致性，并为医疗指南的大部分地区创建有意义的对齐方式。

受数字孪生系统的启发，开发了一个新型的实时数字双框架，以增强机器人对地形条件的感知。基于相同的物理模型和运动控制，这项工作利用了与真实机器人同步的模拟数字双重同步，以捕获和提取两个系统之间的差异信息，这两个系统提供了多个物理数量的高维线索，以表示代表差异建模和现实世界。柔软的，非刚性的地形会导致腿部运动中常见的失败，因此，视觉感知完全不足以估计地形的这种物理特性。我们使用了数字双重来开发可折叠性的估计，这通过动态步行过程中的物理互动来解决此问题。真实机器人及其数字双重双重测量之间的感觉测量的差异用作用于地形可折叠性分析的基于学习的算法的输入。尽管仅在模拟中受过培训，但学习的模型可以在模拟和现实世界中成功执行可折叠性估计。我们对结果的评估表明，对不同方案和数字双重的优势的概括，可在地面条件下可靠地检测到细微差别。